This blog illustrates Japanese encephalitis as a disease, its origin, prevention, areas of exposure, protections and the vaccination programs available.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes, specifically mosquitoes of the Culex species.
These mosquitoes breed mostly in rice paddies, marshes, and other stagnant water sources, which are common in rural and agricultural areas of Asia.
As reservoirs, Pigs are especially important as they can develop high levels of the virus in their blood, which can then infect mosquitoes that feed on them.
Humans become infected when bitten by a mosquito that has previously fed on an infected pig or bird.
The peak season for transmission of this virus is usually in rainy seasons and in rural and agriculture areas in Asia and western pacific. these mosquitoes are less likely to be present in urban areas.
Monitoring for symptoms
Symptoms can appear 5-15 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. Early symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting, and general tiredness.
Severe symptoms may include neck stiffness, seizures, confusion, and paralysis.
If you develop any of these symptoms seek immediate medical care
Prevention and Control:
Vaccination: The most effective way to prevent JE is through vaccination.
Mosquito Control and Personal protection: You can lower the risk by avoiding areas that are more likely to have these breeding mosquitoes, and follow the area's guideline on control measures.
Use Insect Repellent:
insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, or other effective ingredients to exposed skin to prevent further bites.
Wear Protective Clothing:
long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and shoes.
Use Mosquito Nets:
Sleep under mosquito nets, especially if you are staying in an area without proper screening.
Stay Indoors During Peak Hours:
Mosquitoes that transmit JE are most active during dusk and dawn. Try to stay indoors during these times.
Vaccination
We provide the following vaccination for JE:
Inactivated Vero Cell-Derived Vaccines (e.g., Ixiaro)
Primary Series: Two doses are given, with the first dose followed by the second dose 28 days later.
Booster Dose: A booster dose is recommended 1-2 years after the primary series for individuals who are at ongoing risk of JE exposure.
Protection Duration: Studies indicate that the primary series provides protection for at least one year. The booster dose extends protection for several more years, though the exact duration may vary
Accelerated dosing schedule: Adults aged 18-65 can have the accelerated course on day 0 and day 7. Children under 18 can have the course as day 0 and 28.
Conclusion
The specific schedule and duration of protection for JE vaccines depend on the type of vaccine used and the individual's risk of exposure. In general, completing the primary vaccination series is essential for effective protection, with booster doses recommended for those at ongoing risk. For the most accurate and personalized advice, individuals can consult us through our website or by visiting the Pharmacy.
What to do if bitten by the mosquito?
Immediate Actions
Clean the Bite Area:
Wash the bite site with soap and water to reduce the risk of secondary bacterial infections.
Apply Antiseptic:
Use an antiseptic lotion or cream to further disinfect the area and alleviate itching.
Avoid Scratching:
Scratching mosquito bites can lead to infection and worsen irritation. Try to avoid scratching the area.
Frequently asked questions
Who should get the JE vaccine?
The vaccination program is recommended for travelers who plan to spend a significant amount of time in areas where JE is common, the areas include, rural or agricultural areas. It is also recommended for people who plan to stay for long periods or if they have outdoor exposures frequently in these areas.
How effective is the JE vaccine?
The JE vaccine is highly effective, majority of the studies show it providing more than 90% protection against the disease.
How is the JE vaccine administered?
The JE vaccine is usually given as an injection into the muscle area of the upper arm most common injection site for vaccines in general.
What are the common side effects of the vaccine?
Common side effects include mild pain of the injection site, headache,fever and general malaeise for a short period of time. Serious side effects are rare.
Is the vaccine safe for children?
Yes, the JE vaccine is safe for children. Generally be given to children as young as 2 months old for the inactivated vaccine.
How long does the JE vaccine provide protection?
The Vaccine provides protection for at least 1-2 years, with a booster dose recommended for ongoing protection.
Can the JE vaccine be given with other vaccines?
Yes, the JE vaccine can typically be given with other vaccines, but if any contradictions are suspected we will happily advice and help you according to your specific circumstances.
Travel clinic near me ? Look no further, please book your vaccination by clicking the link below
map extracted from CDC website (https://www.cdc.gov/japanese-encephalitis/data-maps/index.html)
Comments